LETTER

 

Letter 

A letter is a written message that can be handwritten or printed on paper. It is usually sent to the recipient via mail or post in an envelope, although this is not a requirement as such. Any such message that is transferred via post is a letter, a written conversation between two parties.

Types of Letters

Let us first understand that there are broadly two types of letter, namely Formal Letters, and Informal Letters. But then there are also a few types of letters based on their contents, formalities, the purpose of letter writing etc. Let us have a look at the few types of letters.

• Formal Letter: These letters follow a certain pattern and formality. They are strictly kept professional in nature, and directly address the issues concerned. Any type of business letter or letter to authorities falls within this given category.
• Informal Letter: These are personal letters. They need not follow any set pattern or adhere to any formalities. They contain personal information or are a written conversation. Informal letters are generally written to friends, acquaintances, relatives etc.
• Business Letter: This letter is written among business correspondents, generally contains commercial information such as quotations, orders, complaints, claims, letters for collections etc. Such letters are always strictly formal and follow a structure and pattern of formalities.
• Official Letter: This type of letter is written to inform offices, branches, subordinates of official information. It usually relays official information like rules, regulations, procedures, events, or any other such information. Official letters are also formal in nature and follow certain structure and decorum.
• Social Letter: A personal letter written on the occasion of a special event is known as a social letter. Congratulatory letter, condolence letter, invitation letter etc are all social letters.
• Circular Letter: A letter that announces information to a large number of people is a circular letter. The same letter is circulated to a large group of people to correspond some important information like a change of address, change in management, the retirement of a partner etc.
• Employment Letters: Any letters with respect to the employment process, like joining letter, promotion letter, application letter etc.

Structure of a Formal Letter (and Informal)

Both informal and formal letters are based on a specific structure. A good letter should consist of:

1. An appropriate greeting (Dear Sir/Madam, Dear Kathy, Dear Mr Brown). An introduction clearly stating the reason you are writing.
2. A main body in which the subject is developed. Begin a new paragraph for each main point.
3. A final paragraph in which you sum up the topic or express your wish for something to be done.
4. An appropriate ending (Yours/Best wishes, + first name, Yours sincerely, Yours faithfully, + full name).

Biography

 

Martha Christina Tiahahu

Name:  Martha Christina Tiahahu 

Born in Nusa Laut, Maluku, January 4, 1800

Died in the Banda Sea, Maluku, January 2, 1818

***

Martha Christina Tiahahu is noted as a unique freedom fighter, namely a teenage daughter who immediately entered the battlefield against the Dutch colonial army in the Pattimura War in 1817. Among the fighters and the community to the enemy, she was known as a brave girl and was consistent with her dreams.

On October 10, 1817, during the seizure of Fort Beverwijk by the Dutch, on the other hand there was a battle in Saparua where one of the soldiers was martha Cristina Tiahahu. October 11, 1817 Dutch troops under the leadership of Richemont, In this battle Richemont was shot dead. In the midst of the ferocity of the battle, a teenage girl with a catfish face appeared challenging the enemy's bullet, martha Cristina Tiahahu. On the battlefield martha helps to ignite the enthusiasm of women to accompany men on the battlefield. 

On 12 October 1817 Vermeulen Kringer ordered a general attack on the people's army, the whole land of Ulath and Ouw was razed to the ground, everything that was there was burned and completely looted. Martha Christina and her father and several other warrior figures were caught and brought to the Eversten ship. And on January 2, 1818, after Tanjung Alang, Martha Christina Tiahahu breathed her last. Martha Christina Tiahahu's body was buried with military honors in the Banda Sea.

VANITY, WHAT IS THY PRICE?

 

Definition of Drama

Drama is a show that tells a story, the media used to convey the story through the movements and dialogues of the characters.

Dramatic Text Structure

The drama structure consists of three parts, namely as follows.

• Prologue: an introduction as an introduction to provide a general description of the actor, conflict or what is happening in the drama.
• Dialogue: a conversation between two or more people. Dialogue is an essential part of drama. In drama, there must be emotional inspiration and dialogue is also conveyed with clear pronunciation of words and volume of voice.
• Epilogue: the concluding remarks that conclude a play. Epilogue is useful for formulating the main content of drama.

The scene only covers one dialogue between several characters.

• Orientation: introducing the characters, stating the situation of the story, proposing conflicts that will be developed in the main part of the story.
• Complication or middle part of the story: the main actor finds obstacles between him and his goal, experiences various misunderstandings in the struggle to overcome these obstacles.
• Resolution or denouement: the boundary point that separates complications and resolution, usually called the climax (turning point). At the climax there are important changes in the fate of the main actors.

Vanity and Pride

Narrator:

Madame Loise was pretty girl born into poor family. She had no expectation and she felt so trapped by her situation that she married a little clerkin agoverment office. Her tastes were simple because she had never been able to afford any other, but she was as unhappy as though she had married beneath her status; for women have no caste and class, their beauty, grace, and charm serving them for birth or family. She suffered endlessly, feeling herself born every delicacy and luxury. She suffered from the poorness of her house, from its bare walls, worn chairs, and ugly curtains.

Scene 1

MONSIEUR LOISEL: Sweetheart, I have a surprise for you.

MADAME LOISEL: Really, what is the surprise?

MONSIEUR LOISEL: See for yourself.

(He place the invitation on the table.)

Swiftly she tears open the envelop and draws out a printed car and reads out.

“The Minister and Madame Ramponneau 

request the pleasure of the company of 

Monsieur and Madame Loisel 

at the Ministery on the evening of Monday, January the Eeighteenth.”

MONSIEUR LOISEL: Isn’t it wonderful?

MADAME LOISEL: What do you mean? What can i do with it?

(She tosses the invitation on the table)

MADAME LOISEL: I have nothing suitable to wear to this glamorous occasion.

MONSIEUR LOISEL: Why..Why, you can wear your theater gown, of course. It’s really quite suitable.

[Monsieur Loisel paces and thinks.]

MONSIEUR LOISEL: There must be a way! How much do you thik a suitable gown would cost, something very simple but elegan as well, of course.

MADAME LOISEL: I’m not too sure, but maybe 400 francs.

MONSIEUR LOISEL: I’ve been saving and i think i have just about 400 francs. You could take it to buy a gown.

Scene 2

MONSIEUR LOISEL: You make any dress come to life, my dear. How ravishing you look!

MADAME LOISEL: [Pouting and Whining] But I’ll be disgraced!

MONSIEUR LOISEL: Disgraced? What can you possibly mean? You will be the most beautiful woman there!

MADAME LOISEL: You just don’t understand! It’s so annoying! I don’t have a single piece of jewelry to wear with my gown.

MONSIEUR LOISEL: There is one thing, one possibility that you’ve forgotten.

MADAME LOISEL: [sniffs] What’s that?

MONSIEUR LOISEL: Your old classmate! Madame Jeanne Forestier! She is really well of. I’m sure she would be willing to lend you some of her jewelry!

MADAME LOISEL: [Her sniffs turn into laughter and joy.] Of course! I can borrow something suitable from Jeanne. Thank you, darling.

Narrator:

Madame Loisel was absolutely smashing! She was prettier than any of other women: elegant, graceful smiling and wild with joy. Everyone noticed her, and her husband’s boss seemed to want every dance with her.

Scene 3

MADAME LOISEL: [Looking in mirror] Oh my God! Oh no, no.. I…I have…Oh my God, this can not happen!

MONSIEUR LOISEL: What? What is it?

MADAME LOISEL: I have lost Madame Forestier’s necklace!

MONSIEUR LOISEL: It can’t be true! It’s impossible!

[They begin frantically searching through their coats and clothes, and on the floor.]

MADAME LOISEL: Oh God, help us!

MONSIEUR LOISEL: It must be here somewhere. Necklace don’t just evaporate.

[Madame Loisel begins weeping and sobbing as she searches.]

MONSIEUR LOISEL: I shall go back on foot, over the entire route, to see whether or not i can find it.

[He rushes out. Madame Loisel sinks into a chair, sobbing. After more than a hour he comes back.]

MADAME LOISEL: Did you find it? Tell me! Did you?

MONSIEUR LOISEL: [reamains silent]

MADAME LOISEL: Did you find it or not?

MONSIEUR LOISEL: I am afraid not.

Scene 4

Narrator:

Madame Loisel didn;t tell Madame Forestier that she lost her neclace and she chose to replace it. The replacement cost them everything. Madame Loisel came to know the ghastly life of abject poverty. Their previous life seemed downright luxurious compared to what they had now.

MONSIEUR LOISEL: MAtilda, my love. I have made the last payment on our debt. We have nothing left for ourselves, but at least we are free from the loan of 20000 francs.

MADAME LOISEL: Free at last

MONSIEUR LOISEL: Look! Isn;t that Madame Forestier over there? You have not spoken to her since that day. Go talk to her.

MADAME LOISEL: Uh, Hello. Good day.

MADAME FORESTIER: You must have mistaken me for someone else. Ecuse me please…

MADAME LOISEL: Jeanne, don’t you recognize me? It’s me, Matilda.

MADAME FORESTIER: Matilda? But it can’t be. You look so worn and old

MADAME LOISEL: No really, It’s me. I’ve changed because I have had to endure ten hard years of manual labor, scrubbing floors and taking in laundry.

MADAME FORESTIER: My dear, what could have happened to make you do that?

MADAME LOISEL: It was your necklace, or rather my desire to be elegant, that caused this.

MADAME FORESTIER: But how is that possible? I have the necklace. I wore it to the theater just other night.

MADAME LOISEL: The necklace you have is actually just a replacement. I’m afraid that i lost yours. We borrowed money to purchase a replacement and have spent the past ten years paying off the debt, but today, we have made the last payment.

MADAME FORESTIER: Ten years? Surely it could not have taken that long to pay off the amount needed to replace the necklace?

MADAME LOISEL: What do you mean?

MADAME FORESTIER: Mine was a fake; replacement should have cost you nothing more than 500 francs. Oh, my poor, poor, dear Matilda

Hopes and Dreams

 

Hello guys... So, this time I will share what my hopes and dreams 

sometimes hopes and dreams can be a fear for yourself, especially at a young age, including myself. 

When I was little I really wanted to be a doctor, because I think doctors are great because they can help other people. however, once I thought about being able to help other people I didn't need to be a doctor. 

Although right now I'm still confused about what to choose, but I'm sure every what I choose is not only for myself but for everyone

Well, for the chasers of hopes and dreams, let's get excited. let's listen to this song and go after what you want

https://youtu.be/kvG0jhTLbCo

🚫STOP BULLYING🚫

 

what is bullying? 

bullying is a behavior or action carried out by an individual or in a group to hurt people who are weak and unable to fight these actions.

the cause of bullying 

bullies usually include people who have many personal problems such as family, stress and trauma. the bully can be a person who has been the victim of bullying in the past, so he or she takes this action to get rid of the temporary problem or show their current identity that they are not the person they used to be.

Enchanted fish

 Enchanted fish

There once was a fisherman who lived with his wife in a small hut close by the seaside. The fisherman used to go fishing every day. 

One day, as he sat in his boat with his rod, looking at the sparkling waves and watching his line, all of a sudden his float was dragged away deep into the water. He quickly started to reel in his line and managed to pull out a huge fish.

 "Wow! This will feed us for days." 

Much to his surprise, the fish started to talk and said, "Pray, let me live! I am not a real fish; I am an enchanted prince. Put me in the water again, and let me go! Have mercy o' kind fisherman." The astonished fisherman quickly threw him back, exclaiming, 

"I don't want to hurt a talking fish! Go on! Go where you came from." 

When the fisherman went home to his wife, he told her everything that had happened and how, on hearing it speak, he had let it go again. 

"Didn't you ask it for anything?" said the wife. 

"No, I didn't, what should I have asked for?" replied the fisherman.

"I am surprised you don't realize what you should have asked for. We live very wretchedly here, in this nasty dirty hut. We are poor and I am so miserable. You should have asked for a nice cozy cottage. Now go back and ask the fish that we want a snug little cottage," said his wife.

The fisherman wasn't sure about this but he still went to the seashore, sat in his boat, went to the middle of the sea and said:

"O enchanted beautiful fish! Hear my plea! My wife wants not what I want, and she won't give up till she has her own will, so come forth and help me!"

"What does she want now?" said the fish. "I am truly ashamed of my wife's greed but I can't do anything. She wants to be Lord of the sun and the moon." "Go home," said the fish, "to your small hut." And it is said that they live there to this every day.

Figure of speech

 FIGURE OF SPEECH

Figure of speech is a figurative expression commonly used in both written and spoken literacy. Figures of speech are commonly used to beautify words in poetry, poetry and prose.

Figure of Speech type 

Alliteration 

Alliteration is a figure of speech which has a function to beautify a sentence. Alliteration is characterized by the repetition of the same or similar sound at the beginning of each word in a series. 

Example of alliteration: 

• She sells seashells 
• Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers
• Black bug bit a big black bear
• Sheep should sleep in a shed. 

Metaphor 

Metaphors are figures of speech which usually contain a figure of speech in which words or phrases applied to an object cannot be taken literally. Metaphor describes something as if it were something else as a parable, but still has the same meaning. 

Methapor example: 

• Time is money 
• Heart of stone 
• She's a night owl 
• Life is a rollercoaster 

Onomatopoeia 

The figure of speech above is a figure of speech that phonetically imitates, resembles, or voices the sound it describes. You can usually find this onomatopoeia in comic books when the creator tries to describe a sound from an object. 

For example, when you see a picture in a comic that shows a shooting scene, you will understand that at that time a shooting scene was taking place when reading the onomatopoeia “DOR!”. 

Examples of onomatopoeia: 

• Click 
• Buzz 
• Splat 
• Whoosh 

Personification 

Personification is a figure of speech that seems to give life to inanimate objects. You do this by describing these objects as doing something like humans. This figure of speech gives a picture as if the inanimate object is alive and does activities that are usually done by living things such as dancing, nodding, roaring and so on. 

Example of personification: 

• the grass danced
•  the wind howled 
• the thunder grumbled 
• the fog crept in

Simile 

Simile is a figure of speech that is commonly used to compare something. Simile usually describes a person or thing as something similar to someone or something else. Similes are characterized by using words such as, like, similar to, as, or as…. US. 

Example of simile: 

• Eats like a pig
• As wise as an owl 
• As blind as a bat

Hyperbole 

Hyperbole is a figure of speech that intentionally uses exaggerated words or sentences. Hyperbole is commonly used in poetry and speech to emphasize, evoke feelings and create strong impressions. Because hyperbole uses an exaggerated word, its meaning cannot be taken literally. 

Hyperbole example: 

• I could do this forever. 
• that must have cost a billion ddolla.
• everybody knows that. 

Anaphora 

Anaphora is a figure of speech that has the characteristic of repeating a sequence of words at the beginning of an adjacent clause, thus giving an emphasis to the sentence. Anaphora is commonly used in writing rhymes, poetry or speech to make it sound more rhyming. 

Anaphora examples: I came, I saw, I conquered. 

Assonance 

Assonance is a figure of speech which has a characteristic in which the repetition of a similar vowel sound occurs in two or more words adjacent to each other in a line of poetry or prose. Assonance most often refers to the repetition of an internal vowel sound in words that don't end the same. 

For example, "he fells asleep under the cherry tree". The phrase has an assonance that emphasizes the repetition of the long vowel "e", even though the vowel in the word does not end in perfect rhyme. 

Example of assonance: 

• motion of the ocean 
• chips and dip 
• dumb luck 

Synecdoche 

Synecdoche is a figure of speech in which words or phrases that refer to part of something are replaced to replace the whole of that something, or vice versa.

Synecdoche example: 

• New wheels
•  The white house
• 
  

to understand the material about the figure of speech can be seen in this video.