Cause and effect

 Cause and effect 

Definition: 

Cause and effect text is a type of paragraph that contains the author's analysis of cause and effect. This paragraph begins with the causes which are outlined at the beginning of the sentence and is then drawn to a general conclusion which is the result of the described causes.

Generic Structure The cause and effect paragraph has the following structure or generic structure:

• Have a main idea on the topic of sentences that will be covered in the whole paragraph. 
• Have supporting details or supporting sentences in the form of causes. 
• End with a concluding sentence or a conclusion in the form of a result

Language Form: 

The cause and effect paragraph has the following style. 

• Using tenses that are dependent on the context of the time in a sentence, in other words, can be the past tense, present tense, or future tense.
• Many use verbs or verbs in active and passive sentences. 
• Using transitions such as due to, because, consequently, as a result, and causes. 
• Using third person point of view.

To understand the material more clearly, you can see it on one of the YouTube sites, one of which is:

Explanation text

 EXPLANATION TEXT

Explanation text is a type of text in English that describes a process. explanation text serves to provide information to readers about a process.

Explanation Text Characteristics :

There are several characteristics of this text, namely: 

• Using the Simple Present Tense This text uses the Simple Present Tense because it describes facts. 
• Using Action Verbs Action Verbs are verbs used to describe an ongoing action. Examples are do, make, create, and so on.
• Using Passive Voices The use of Passive Voices aims to emphasize the focus on the event that is taking place rather than the subject. 
• Using Noun Phrases. 
• Using Technical Terms These technical terms refer to technical terms related to the topics discussed in this text. 

Example: 

Rainbow

Almost everyone very likes a natural phenomenon called the rainbow. To the extent that a lot of people create an art work like song, cake, and the other work after seeing the beautiful colors of the rainbow. But, do you know how the phenomenon of the appearance of the rainbow happens?

Rainbow occurs because of the refraction of light. The sunlight that shines in between the rain drops is refracted by the rain drops. This process separates the white light of the sunlight into a spectrum of different colors.

The spectrum of colors are red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, and violet. Or what we often memorize as the abbreviation "ROY G BIV / mejikuhibiniu.” Then the colors reflect in the back drops of rain, resulting the light which looks arched and becomes the rainbow.

to understand more clearly can be seen on one of the youtube site: 

Conditional if 3

Conditional sentence types 3

The third conditional sentence is a conditional sentence when a condition cannot possibly exist at all. This can be described as a very impossible condition or just a dream or dream. In this third type of conditional sentence, the sentence form uses the past perfect equipped with auxiliary modalities such as would, could, and should. The formula used is if + past perfect, would / should / could / might + have + past participle. Example of sentences:

• If you remember to invite me, I will attend your party.
• We might have gone to South America if she wasn't pregnant.
• If you tell me you need a ride I'll be leaving early.
• If I have cleaned the house, I can go to the movies.

Passive voice

 

DEFINITION

Passive voice is a form of sentence in the subject takes action,  not takes action 

The function of the passive voice

Passive voice is used to show interest in a person or object that is subjected to an action and not a person or object performing the action. So, the most important thing or person will be the subject of the sentence.

The Main Formulas For Passive Voice Ar be

Simple Present Tense: To be used is: is / am / are (remember! To be will be given only to Passive Voice)

LETTER

 

LETTER 

learning video : letter writing 

Letter is a written message from one of the other parties containing information. Its functions include five things: means of notification, request, mind fruit, and ideas; written evidence tools; reminder tools; historical evidence; and working guidelines.

Letter Type

The type of letter is distinguished into three, namely personal letter, official letter, and service letter.

 

• Personal Letter

a personal letter is a type of letter that contains personal purposes that is usually written in private and addressed to others using language that is not standard.

 

Personal Letter Features

1. Doesn't have a letterhead

2. Doesn't have a mailing number

3. Greetings or desserts are very varied and more relaxed, non-formal

4. Use of free language (not default) as desired by the author

5. Free mail format

example :

    

Rika Jl.Bumi manti 3 no 80 Bandar Lampung Hi my partner, how are you there? I trust you are great. I miss you on the grounds that we have not met in quite a while. Do you miss me as well? On the off chance that you are out of town, I trust you can visit Jogjakarta. I hope we can meet each  other soon. I really missing you. Ideally we can meet soon, my closest partner   Your Partner, Wilona

 

 

• Official Letter

An official letter is a letter made by a particular agency, organization or corporate institution addressed to a particular person or institution. Examples of official letters are service letters, commercial letters, and social letters.

Features of Official Letter

1. use effective sentences; simple, concise, clear, polite and attractive.
2. use the default language according to the corrected spelling (EYD) of both spelling, vocabulary, and grammar.
3. The presentation uses a full block, semi block or indented block form.
4. Use a letterhead.
5. Listed mailing numbers, attachments, and subject matter.
6. Usually includes a stamp or stamp.

• Service Letter

A service letter is a letter issued by a particular agency. In other words, a service letter is a letter used as a means of communication within an agency or between agencies. The service letter is also referred to as an official letter because it can clearly be accounted for its authenticity.

Characteristics of The Service Letter

1. Have a head or letterhead, which is the name, and address of a specific agency.

2. Has a date, and a mailing number.

3. Have a subject, i.e. the meaning of the letter and the attachment.

4. Have a specific agency stamp on the signature section.

5. Use the default language.

6. May have a translucent.

INVITATION

 

invitation is a request either in the form of a speech or written to someone to do a something or go somewhere.There are 2 types of invitation letters: formal and invormal

formal invitation

a formal invitation is an invitation which follows a dignified form, tone or style in agreement with the established norm, customs or values 

for example:

• an invitation to the opening of a school 
• an invitation to a graduation ceremony
• an invitation to a wedding

informal invitation 

For this informal letter, you can use a variety of personal and informal words such as the use of slang in the letter.

besides using slang, you can also use various designs at will. This informal invitation letter can be for peers as well as for informal events that are not like meetings or wedding invitations.

This informal invitation letter can be used in a variety of ways such as birthday parties, barbecue party invitations, or other invitations that do not involve the agency or company.

Generic Structure Invitation 

1. Invite

2. Body of invitation

• Occasion
• Day or Date
• Time
• Place

3. Inviter

Learning video :