There once was a fisherman who lived with his wife in a small hut close by the seaside. The fisherman used to go fishing every day.
One day, as he sat in his boat with his rod, looking at the sparkling waves and watching his line, all of a sudden his float was dragged away deep into the water. He quickly started to reel in his line and managed to pull out a huge fish.
"Wow! This will feed us for days."
Much to his surprise, the fish started to talk and said, "Pray, let me live! I am not a real fish; I am an enchanted prince. Put me in the water again, and let me go! Have mercy o' kind fisherman." The astonished fisherman quickly threw him back, exclaiming,
"I don't want to hurt a talking fish! Go on! Go where you came from."
When the fisherman went home to his wife, he told her everything that had happened and how, on hearing it speak, he had let it go again.
"Didn't you ask it for anything?" said the wife.
"No, I didn't, what should I have asked for?" replied the fisherman.
"I am surprised you don't realize what you should have asked for. We live very wretchedly here, in this nasty dirty hut. We are poor and I am so miserable. You should have asked for a nice cozy cottage. Now go back and ask the fish that we want a snug little cottage," said his wife.
The fisherman wasn't sure about this but he still went to the seashore, sat in his boat, went to the middle of the sea and said:
"O enchanted beautiful fish! Hear my plea! My wife wants not what I want, and she won't give up till she has her own will, so come forth and help me!"
"What does she want now?" said the fish. "I am truly ashamed of my wife's greed but I can't do anything. She wants to be Lord of the sun and the moon." "Go home," said the fish, "to your small hut." And it is said that they live there to this every day.
Figure of speech is a figurative expression commonly used in both written and spoken literacy. Figures of speech are commonly used to beautify words in poetry, poetry and prose.
Figure of Speech type
Alliteration
Alliteration is a figure of speech which has a function to beautify a sentence. Alliteration is characterized by the repetition of the same or similar sound at the beginning of each word in a series.
Example of alliteration:
She sells seashells
Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers
Black bug bit a big black bear
Sheep should sleep in a shed.
Metaphor
Metaphors are figures of speech which usually contain a figure of speech in which words or phrases applied to an object cannot be taken literally. Metaphor describes something as if it were something else as a parable, but still has the same meaning.
Methapor example:
Time is money
Heart of stone
She's a night owl
Life is a rollercoaster
Onomatopoeia
The figure of speech above is a figure of speech that phonetically imitates, resembles, or voices the sound it describes. You can usually find this onomatopoeia in comic books when the creator tries to describe a sound from an object.
For example, when you see a picture in a comic that shows a shooting scene, you will understand that at that time a shooting scene was taking place when reading the onomatopoeia “DOR!”.
Examples of onomatopoeia:
Click
Buzz
Splat
Whoosh
Personification
Personification is a figure of speech that seems to give life to inanimate objects. You do this by describing these objects as doing something like humans. This figure of speech gives a picture as if the inanimate object is alive and does activities that are usually done by living things such as dancing, nodding, roaring and so on.
Example of personification:
the grass danced
the wind howled
the thunder grumbled
the fog crept in
Simile
Simile is a figure of speech that is commonly used to compare something. Simile usually describes a person or thing as something similar to someone or something else. Similes are characterized by using words such as, like, similar to, as, or as…. US.
Example of simile:
Eats like a pig
As wise as an owl
As blind as a bat
Hyperbole
Hyperbole is a figure of speech that intentionally uses exaggerated words or sentences. Hyperbole is commonly used in poetry and speech to emphasize, evoke feelings and create strong impressions. Because hyperbole uses an exaggerated word, its meaning cannot be taken literally.
Hyperbole example:
I could do this forever.
that must have cost a billion ddolla.
everybody knows that.
Anaphora
Anaphora is a figure of speech that has the characteristic of repeating a sequence of words at the beginning of an adjacent clause, thus giving an emphasis to the sentence. Anaphora is commonly used in writing rhymes, poetry or speech to make it sound more rhyming.
Anaphora examples: I came, I saw, I conquered.
Assonance
Assonance is a figure of speech which has a characteristic in which the repetition of a similar vowel sound occurs in two or more words adjacent to each other in a line of poetry or prose. Assonance most often refers to the repetition of an internal vowel sound in words that don't end the same.
For example, "he fells asleep under the cherry tree". The phrase has an assonance that emphasizes the repetition of the long vowel "e", even though the vowel in the word does not end in perfect rhyme.
Example of assonance:
motion of the ocean
chips and dip
dumb luck
Synecdoche
Synecdoche is a figure of speech in which words or phrases that refer to part of something are replaced to replace the whole of that something, or vice versa.
Synecdoche example:
New wheels
The white house
to understand the material about the figure of speech can be seen in this video.
Cause and effect text is a type of paragraph that contains the author's analysis of cause and effect. This paragraph begins with the causes which are outlined at the beginning of the sentence and is then drawn to a general conclusion which is the result of the described causes.
Generic Structure The cause and effect paragraph has the following structure or generic structure:
Have a main idea on the topic of sentences that will be covered in the whole paragraph.
Have supporting details or supporting sentences in the form of causes.
End with a concluding sentence or a conclusion in the form of a result
Language Form:
The cause and effect paragraph has the following style.
Using tenses that are dependent on the context of the time in a sentence, in other words, can be the past tense, present tense, or future tense.
Many use verbs or verbs in active and passive sentences.
Using transitions such as due to, because, consequently, as a result, and causes.
Using third person point of view.
To understand the material more clearly, you can see it on one of the YouTube sites, one of which is:
Explanation text is a type of text in English that describes a process. explanation text serves to provide information to readers about a process.
Explanation Text Characteristics :
There are several characteristics of this text, namely:
Using the Simple Present Tense This text uses the Simple Present Tense because it describes facts.
Using Action Verbs Action Verbs are verbs used to describe an ongoing action. Examples are do, make, create, and so on.
Using Passive Voices The use of Passive Voices aims to emphasize the focus on the event that is taking place rather than the subject.
Using Noun Phrases.
Using Technical Terms These technical terms refer to technical terms related to the topics discussed in this text.
Example:
Rainbow
Almost everyone very likes a natural phenomenon called the rainbow. To the extent that a lot of people create an art work like song, cake, and the other work after seeing the beautiful colors of the rainbow. But, do you know how the phenomenon of the appearance of the rainbow happens?
Rainbow occurs because of the refraction of light. The sunlight that shines in between the rain drops is refracted by the rain drops. This process separates the white light of the sunlight into a spectrum of different colors.
The spectrum of colors are red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, and violet. Or what we often memorize as the abbreviation "ROY G BIV / mejikuhibiniu.” Then the colors reflect in the back drops of rain, resulting the light which looks arched and becomes the rainbow.
to understand more clearly can be seen on one of the youtube site:
The third conditional sentence is a conditional sentence when a condition cannot possibly exist at all. This can be described as a very impossible condition or just a dream or dream. In this third type of conditional sentence, the sentence form uses the past perfect equipped with auxiliary modalities such as would, could, and should. The formula used is if + past perfect, would / should / could / might + have + past participle. Example of sentences:
If you remember to invite me, I will attend your party.
We might have gone to South America if she wasn't pregnant.
If you tell me you need a ride I'll be leaving early.
If I have cleaned the house, I can go to the movies.
Passive voice is a form of sentence in the subject takes action, not takes action
The function of the passive voice
Passive voice is used to show interest in a person or object that is subjected to an action and not a person or object performing the action. So, the most important thing or person will be the subject of the sentence.
The Main Formulas For Passive Voice Ar be
Simple Present Tense: To be used is: is / am / are (remember! To be will be given only to Passive Voice)
Letter is a written message from one of the other parties containing information. Its functions include five things: means of notification, request, mind fruit, and ideas; written evidence tools; reminder tools; historical evidence; and working guidelines.
Letter Type
The type of letter is distinguished into three, namely
personal letter, official letter, and service letter.
Personal Letter
a personal letter is a type of letter that contains personal
purposes that is usually written in private and addressed to others using
language that is not standard.
Personal Letter Features
1. Doesn't have a letterhead
2. Doesn't have a mailing number
3. Greetings or desserts are very varied and more relaxed,
non-formal
4. Use of free language (not default) as desired by the
author
5. Free mail format
example :
Rika
Jl.Bumi
manti 3 no 80
Bandar
Lampung
Hi
my partner, how are you there? I trust you are great. I miss you on the
grounds that we have not met in quite a while. Do you miss me as well? On the
off chance that you are out of town, I trust you can visit Jogjakarta. I hope
we can meet each other soon. I really missing you.
Ideally
we can meet soon, my closest partner
Your
Partner,
Wilona
Official Letter
An official letter is a letter made by a particular agency,
organization or corporate institution addressed to a particular person or
institution. Examples of official letters are service letters, commercial
letters, and social letters.
Features of Official Letter
use effective sentences; simple, concise, clear, polite and
attractive.
use the default language according to the corrected spelling
(EYD) of both spelling, vocabulary, and grammar.
The presentation uses a full block, semi block or indented
block form.
Use a letterhead.
Listed mailing numbers, attachments, and subject matter.
Usually includes a stamp or stamp.
Service Letter
A service letter is a letter issued by a particular agency.
In other words, a service letter is a letter used as a means of communication
within an agency or between agencies. The service letter is also referred to as
an official letter because it can clearly be accounted for its authenticity.
Characteristics of The Service Letter
1. Have a head or letterhead, which is the name, and address
of a specific agency.
2. Has a date, and a mailing number.
3. Have a subject, i.e. the meaning of the letter and the
attachment.
4. Have a specific agency stamp on the signature section.
